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What's Next After RLHF? — Diogo Almeida, TypeSafe AI

index_state ready data_status ok

AI Engineer· published 2026-07-31· 0:18:04· en-US· indexed 2026-08-10 19:37

Open on YouTube

Scene timeline

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What was stored

cues
206
whisperx 206
chunks
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from 206 cues
keyframes
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kept of 48 captured
frames with text
26
530 lines read
chapters
11
from the source metadata
keyframe bytes
6.0 MB
word timings on 206 cues

Provenance

Each pipeline stage, its state and the model that produced it
stage state model started took
fetch done — 2026-08-09 21:34 0s
stt done — 2026-08-09 01:02 30s
chunk done — 2026-08-09 01:02 0s
text_embed done — 2026-08-10 19:37 0s
keyframe done — 2026-08-09 01:02 2m 20s
ocr done — 2026-08-09 01:05 11s
frame_embed done — 2026-08-10 19:37 5s

Frames, and what the machine read

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Transcript

206 cues· 2,964 words· 15,937 chars

  1. 0:12 Excellent, I will say that I might speed run through this.
  2. 0:17 Feel free if you don't disagree with something to yell out.
  3. 0:21 It's way more fun for me if things get interactive.
  4. 0:25 Otherwise, I will go through this.
  5. 0:27 First, can I have like a vague show of hands of who knows what RLHF is?
  6. 0:32 Oh, excellent.
  7. 0:33 I might be able to skip through that part quickly and get into the interactive stuff.
  8. 0:37 So, my name's Diego Almeida.
  9. 0:39 I'm talking about what's next after RLHF.
  10. 0:41 More accurately, I think this should be called what's next after the chat GPT era that I think we're all in.
  11. 0:48 And my hint for you guys is it is not the quad code era.
  12. 0:52 I will justify this later on, but I actually believe them to be part of the same era.
  13. 0:57 Why should you listen to me?
  14. 0:58 I was co-author to what is basically OpenAI's greatest hits, at least published hits.
  15. 1:04 Co-author to GPT-4, ChatGPT, RLHF slash InstructGPT.
  16. 1:10 The team I was part of basically invented post-training as a concept, so very qualified on a lot of this stuff.
  17. 1:17 But what makes me somewhat unique here is that I'm one of the few people at OpenAI who actually hates on ChatGPT.
  18. 1:26 Thank you.
  19. 1:27 I don't hate ChatGPT as a product, to be clear.
  20. 1:30 I think ChatGPT is a world-changing product that will probably stay with us for the rest of time unless something better comes up.
  21. 1:36 But I also acknowledge its limitations, and I think a lot of what's happened in this state of the field can be traced back to minor decisions we made in making the algorithms behind ChatGPT.
  22. 1:50 I feel like the question that's relevant to everyone in AI right now is what's actually going on.
  23. 1:56 There's a lot of differing opinions, and I think it's really useful to map out the spectrum and figure out how can smart people have such different opinions.
  24. 2:06 There's cult one.
  25. 2:09 AI is not just going well, it's going insanely well.
  26. 2:12 Every single benchmark, we surpass human level, and as far as we can measure, we are continuously surpassing human performance, like basically every new benchmark, and it's only getting faster and accelerating.
  27. 2:25 You have every
  28. 2:27 Can I see my mouse?
  29. 2:28 Excellent.
  30. 2:29 Basically every NLP benchmark is getting crushed, and not only that, allegedly the time that LLMs can operate autonomously is growing exponentially.
  31. 2:39 On the other hand, you have AI is not just going poorly, it's going like insanely poorly.
  32. 2:45 AI is a bubble.
  33. 2:47 It's basically generating no value.
  34. 2:48 It's just circular financing deals, et cetera, et cetera.
  35. 2:52 And if AI is so great, why is everything just like a chat app right now or like a cloud code thing?
  36. 2:59 And a lot of the people have actually kind of given up on what was the old guard's terminology of a transformative AI revolution.
  37. 3:06 People aren't really talking about that anymore.
  38. 3:09 They're talking about it being like massively valuable like B2B SaaS.
  39. 3:12 So the only thing that everyone agrees on is there's just these extreme points of view and nothing in between.
  40. 3:18 And everyone basically thinks AI is insane, but for different reasons.
  41. 3:22 And what I would want to talk about is what is the sane view of AI?
  42. 3:26 Let's take all the evidence of Cult 1.
  43. 3:29 It's going super well.
  44. 3:30 take all the evidence of cult two, it's going super poorly, map them out and try to explain what explains that divide.
  45. 3:39 What is the simplest possible explanation of why some things are too good to be true and some things are not just bad, they are so bad that we would still employ human workers to do kind of dumb tasks.
  46. 3:52 No offense to any of them, a lot of these tasks on the right seem way, way, way easier than the stuff on the left.
  47. 3:59 How can we be solving unsolved math problems, but still customer service requires humans in the loop in order to actually make decisions?
  48. 4:08 This, I think, is kind of like a wild state of affairs, and in my opinion, anyone who works adjacent to AI should have an answer to this, because this is the evidence in the field right now.
  49. 4:21 I would normally pause and ask people if they want to yell out their thoughts on this, but I don't think we have time for that, and I've been told to not take Q&A until after.
  50. 4:30 But I'll just give you my answer to this, which is, in my opinion, the simplest explanation.

Chapters

  1. 0:00 Not the Claude Code era
  2. 1:40 The state of the field
  3. 3:14 Two camps: assistance and autonomy
  4. 4:31 Why models please the human in the loop
  5. 6:37 How RLHF actually works
  6. 7:31 Preference versus what's true
  7. 8:10 When the consequences get real
  8. 8:47 So what's next
  9. 9:35 Assistance is not automation
  10. 14:31 Is pre-training the problem?
  11. 15:43 RLVR and Sutton's bitter lesson

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