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A Song of Types and Agents - Roberto Stagi, Ratel

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AI Engineer· published 2026-07-12· 0:14:16· en-US· indexed 2026-08-11 03:30

Open on YouTube

Scene timeline

  1. Shot 0, 0:00 to 0:30, 1 of 1 keyframes kept
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31 shot(s).

keyframes kept every frame deduplicated

What was stored

cues
119
whisperx 119
chunks
25
from 119 cues
keyframes
25
kept of 31 captured
frames with text
25
289 lines read
chapters
0
from the source metadata
keyframe bytes
3.5 MB
word timings on 119 cues

Provenance

Each pipeline stage, its state and the model that produced it
stage state model started took
fetch done — 2026-08-11 03:26 1m 49s
stt done — 2026-08-11 03:28 13s
chunk done — 2026-08-11 03:29 0s
text_embed done — 2026-08-11 03:29 0s
keyframe done — 2026-08-11 03:29 1m 19s
ocr done — 2026-08-11 03:30 10s
frame_embed done — 2026-08-11 03:30 4s

Frames, and what the machine read

  • 0:15 #0 done7 line(s)

    shot 0·sharpness 1221.3

    1. AI ENGINEER WORLD'S FAIR·ONLINE0.98
    2. ASong ofTypes0.98
    3. andAgents1.00
    4. How TypeScript is taking the1.00
    5. AIron Throne0.97
    6. Roberto Stagi · CTO, Ratel0.97
    7. speaks about languages that fight1.00

  • 0:45 #1 done14 line(s)

    shot 1·sharpness 1330.8

    1. BOOK I0.98
    2. The Iron King1.00
    3. A few years ago, whenever the subject1.00
    4. was Aǐ the throne was Python's, and0.99
    5. Python's alone.1.00
    6. Py0.99
    7. JS0.73
    8. Java0.99
    9. R1.00
    10. Go0.94
    11. Rust1.00
    12. Julia1.00
    13. FOLIO 02 / 290.95
    14. bowing to Python because of its0.99

  • 1:15 #2 done7 line(s)

    shot 2·sharpness 1200.4

    1. BOOK I0.97
    2. The Iron King1.00
    3. Then in 2022, ChatGPT was released, and1.00
    4. Python became more ambitious.1.00
    5. Py1.00
    6. FOLIO 03 / 290.97
    7. And together with it, Python, which1.00

  • 1:21 #3 skipped

    shot 3·duplicate of #2

  • 1:52 #4 done8 line(s)

    shot 4·sharpness 1340.4

    1. BOOK I0.98
    2. The Iron King1.00
    3. But little did they know, another0.99
    4. contender was rising to challenge their1.00
    5. claim to the throne...1.00
    6. Py1.00
    7. FOLIO 04 / 290.96
    8. to challenge the claim that Python1.00

  • 2:27 #5 done18 line(s)

    shot 5·sharpness 1639.5

    1. ABOUT ME0.97
    2. Roberto Stagi1.00
    3. Co-founder & CTO1.00
    4. @ Ratel, a context layer for Al agents1.00
    5. TS0.98
    6. JS1.00
    7. Also, EU Ambassador @ AI Socratic0.97
    8. House1.00
    9. House1.00
    10. Long-time JavaScript → TypeScript developer0.99
    11. JavaScript1.00
    12. TypeScript1.00
    13. THE OLD KING1.00
    14. THE RISER1.00
    15. Ratel1.00
    16. OAI Socratic0.94
    17. ratel.sh · aisocratic.org · in/rstagi · @rstagi_0.95
    18. then turned TypeScript developer,1.00

  • 2:34 #6 skipped

    shot 6·duplicate of #5

  • 3:20 #7 done8 line(s)

    shot 7·sharpness 1445.3

    1. BOOK II1.00
    2. The Shift in the Stack0.98
    3. AI stopped being something1.00
    4. you train. It became0.99
    5. something you ship.0.99
    6. An app that thinks0.97
    7. FOLIO 07 / 290.96
    8. And the application layer was not0.99

  • 3:51 #8 done16 line(s)

    shot 8·sharpness 1641.8

    1. BOOK III0.99
    2. The Overtake1.00
    3. Python owns the brain; TypeScript increasingly owns1.00
    4. the app around it.0.97
    5. HOUSE PYTHON1.00
    6. HOUSE TYPESCRIPT1.00
    7. The brain1.00
    8. The app1.00
    9. - training0.96
    10. - the agent0.95
    11. research1.00
    12. - the UI0.90
    13. GPUserving1.00
    14. - the deploy0.94
    15. FOLIO 09 / 290.93
    16. All the training, the research, the1.00

  • 4:05 #9 skipped

    shot 9·duplicate of #8

  • 4:39 #10 done14 line(s)

    shot 10·sharpness 1190.5

    1. BOOK III0.95
    2. The Overtake0.99
    3. In August 2025, TypeScript passed Python to become1.00
    4. GitHub's most-used language.1.00
    5. ~42k ahead0.99
    6. TS 2.64M0.99
    7. ≈1.6%0.95
    8. Python 2.59M1.00
    9. JS 2.17M0.99
    10. Aug240.99
    11. Aug251.00
    12. SOURCE · GITHUB OCTOVERSE 2024 + 2025 · 2024 POINTS DERIVED FROM YOY RATES0.98
    13. FOLIO 10/290.92
    14. as the most used language on0.98

  • 4:57 #11 done21 line(s)

    shot 11·sharpness 1844.7

    1. BOOK III1.00
    2. The Overtake0.98
    3. GitHub crowned a new #1 two1.00
    4. years running.1.00
    5. GITHUB OCTOVERSE · 20240.96
    6. GITHUB OCTOVERSE · 20250.95
    7. Octoverse: Al leads Python to top1.00
    8. OCTONEE 20250.63
    9. language as the number of global0.99
    10. A new developer0.99
    11. developers surges1.00
    12. joins GitHub every1.00
    13. In this year's Octoverse report, we study how public and open source activity on GitHub shows how Al is0.98
    14. second as Al leads1.00
    15. expanding as the global developer community surges in size.1.00
    16. TypeScript to #10.96
    17. In this year's Octoverse, we uncover how Al, agents, and typed languages0.99
    18. are driving the biggest shifts in software development in more than a0.99
    19. decade.0.99
    20. FOLIO 11 / 290.97
    21. 2025, it said Al leads TypeScript1.00

  • 5:25 #12 done7 line(s)

    shot 12·sharpness 1129.9

    1. BOOK III1.00
    2. The Overtake1.00
    3. Same reason, both times: AI1.00
    4. didn't drain the field. It flooded0.99
    5. it.1.00
    6. FOLIO 12 / 290.96
    7. year? And ask? Like, yeah, we0.98

  • 5:44 #13 done10 line(s)

    shot 13·sharpness 1912.1

    1. BOOK III1.00
    2. The Overtake1.00
    3. Same reason, both times: AI1.00
    4. didn't drain the field. It flooded0.98
    5. it.1.00
    6. 2024 the newcomers reached1.00
    7. for Python. 2025 they reach0.99
    8. for TypeScript.1.00
    9. FOLIO 12 / 290.95
    10. What changed between 2024 and1.00

  • 5:55 #14 done8 line(s)

    shot 14·sharpness 984.9

    1. BOOK III0.99
    2. The Overtake0.98
    3. WHAT CHANGED IN 20251.00
    4. The coding agents grew up.1.00
    5. Lovable· Claude Code· Cursor · Codex, now the default0.97
    6. way to build apps.1.00
    7. FOLIO 13 / 290.91
    8. We saw the players establishing1.00

  • 6:41 #15 done11 line(s)

    shot 15·sharpness 1569.0

    1. BOOK III0.98
    2. The Overtake0.99
    3. And now nearly every new0.99
    4. app is an agent, hungry to0.99
    5. embedAI.1.00
    6. That demand lands on one1.00
    7. stack:TypeScript.1.00
    8. Build your agent's app layer in Python and you're on your own.1.00
    9. Build it in TypeScript and the whole realm builds with1.00
    10. F0LI0 14 / 290.92
    11. It falls on TypeScript.0.99

  • 6:55 #16 done12 line(s)

    shot 16·sharpness 2053.3

    1. BOOK IV0.95
    2. The Bannermen1.00
    3. The tools you actually build AI with already run0.99
    4. on TypeScript.1.00
    5. Vercel AI SDKClaude CodeCursor0.99
    6. MastraCloudflare AgentsvOBoltLovable0.97
    7. CopilotKit1.00
    8. TypeScript is the most common language for MCP servers · schema authored0.98
    9. TypeScript-first.1.00
    10. SOURCE · MCP SERVER CENSUS (ARXIV 2506.13538) · MCP SPEC0.98
    11. FOLIO 15 / 290.93
    12. We even saw an Al lab acquiring a1.00

  • 7:24 #17 done11 line(s)

    shot 17·sharpness 1364.2

    1. BOOK IV0.99
    2. The Bannermen1.00
    3. A RAVEN ARRIVES0.99
    4. An AI lab even acquired a0.99
    5. JavaScript runtime.1.00
    6. Announcements1.00
    7. Anthropic acquires Bun as Claude1.00
    8. Code reaches $1B milestone1.00
    9. Dec 3, 20250.95
    10. FOLI0 16 / 290.92
    11. But does this mean that we should1.00

  • 7:49 #18 done10 line(s)

    shot 18·sharpness 1085.6

    1. BOOK IV0.99
    2. The Bannermen1.00
    3. WHY YES0.96
    4. AI already scaffolds and builds in1.00
    5. TypeScript by default.0.99
    6. More code in the world plausibly feeds back into the next0.99
    7. models. A loop you would expect.0.99
    8. SOURCE · DEFAULTS: V0· LOVABLE · BOLT, 20260.95
    9. FOLIO 18 / 290.91
    10. better and better in TypeScript0.99

  • 8:22 #19 skipped

    shot 19·duplicate of #18

  • 8:41 #20 done13 line(s)

    shot 20·sharpness 1860.9

    1. BOOK IV0.96
    2. The Bannermen0.99
    3. AND THE REGISTRY BEHIND THEM0.98
    4. For the model, PyPI wins. For1.00
    5. everything around it, you reach into0.99
    6. npm.1.00
    7. Auth, payments, UI, SaaS, infra: the0.99
    8. deepest app-layer tail there is.1.00
    9. npm ~3M packages vs PyPI ~820K. Not better code, broader reach: the0.98
    10. integrations an app glues together treat JS as first-class.1.00
    11. SOURCE · NPM REGISTRY + PYPI, DISTINCT PACKAGES, 20260.98
    12. FOLIO 19 / 290.89
    13. NPM comes with everything,1.00

  • 9:45 #21 skipped

    shot 21·duplicate of #10

  • 10:22 #22 done19 line(s)

    shot 22·sharpness 1554.2

    1. BOOK IV0.98
    2. The Bannermen0.98
    3. One type runs from the model's tool call to the browser,0.99
    4. while ython's stops at the boundary.1.00
    5. HOUSE TYPESCRIPT · ONE TYPE, MODEL → BROWSER0.96
    6. schema1.00
    7. tool1.00
    8. stream1.00
    9. <Component/>0.99
    10. the browser1.00
    11. HOUSE PYTHON· TYPED TO THE BOUNDARY0.99
    12. schema1.00
    13. tool1.00
    14. typed server1.00
    15. browser JS, untyped0.99
    16. PydanticAl is genuinely typed. This is about crossing the browser: a0.98
    17. Python agent and a JS UI are two type sets that can drift apart.0.99
    18. FOLIO 21 / 290.92
    19. application or Vue or whatever,1.00

  • 10:41 #23 done21 line(s)

    shot 23·sharpness 1657.6

    1. BOOK IV0.99
    2. The Bannermen1.00
    3. One Zod schema becomes the tool, the stream, and the1.00
    4. typed UI, checked end to end.1.00
    5. // 1· define the type once0.98
    6. const Recipe = z.object({0.99
    7. title: z.string(),1.00
    8. steps: z.array(z.string()),0.99
    9. })0.79
    10. // 2· the model fills it, as a streamed tool0.97
    11. const recipe = tool({ inputSchema: Recipe })0.98
    12. streamText({ model, tools: { recipe } })0.98
    13. // 3 . the browser renders it, fully typed0.98
    14. function Card({ part }: {1.00
    15. part: UIToolInvocation<typeof recipe>1.00
    16. }){0.90
    17. return <RecipeCard {...part.input} >0.98
    18. }0.97
    19. defined once . checked everywhere0.97
    20. FOLI0 22 / 290.92
    21. can use this type in the backend0.99

Transcript

119 cues· 1,682 words· 9,580 chars

  1. 0:02 Hello and thank you for being here.
  2. 0:04 I'm Roberto and today I'm going to tell you this song of types and agents, basically a song that speaks about languages that fight each other to conquer what's the throne in the AI realm, and how I think that TypeScript might actually be winning this war.
  3. 0:28 But let's start from the beginning.
  4. 0:30 A few years ago, whenever someone was building in AI, they were certainly using Python.
  5. 0:39 There was no doubt.
  6. 0:41 All the other languages were bowing to Python because of its dominion over the AI world.
  7. 0:51 And then, when in 2022, ChagPT was released, everybody started wondering and starting understanding that AI was becoming something more, was going outside of the bubble that it lived for years, and started to become something more ambitious.
  8. 1:14 And together with it, Python, which was the standard language for AI, became more ambitious as well.
  9. 1:22 And that's how, in 2024, GitHub actually climbed the ladder and became the most popular language on GitHub.
  10. 1:34 So, you know, everybody was happy.
  11. 1:37 Python finally reached the top.
  12. 1:40 But little did they know that...
  13. 1:45 There was another contender for that throne.
  14. 1:48 Another contender that was rising to challenge the claim that Python had on the throne.
  15. 1:54 And this contender, as you may have guessed by now, was indeed TypeScript.
  16. 2:01 But before talking about this, let me present myself.
  17. 2:05 My name is Roberto.
  18. 2:07 I'm the CTO and co-founder of Reto, a context layer for AI agents.
  19. 2:13 And I'm also the EU ambassador for AI Socratic, a global community of AI builders meeting once per month to discuss the latest news in AI.
  20. 2:23 I'm also a long-time JavaScript, then-turned-Typescript developer.
  21. 2:28 And that's basically...
  22. 2:30 why I am talking about TypeScript today.
  23. 2:35 So let's begin.
  24. 2:38 As we said, AI started moving up to the stack.
  25. 2:43 It was moving from the infrastructure layer of these models, machine learning, and all related ecosystem towards the application layer.
  26. 2:54 This means that AI stopped being something that you train and it started being something that you ship inside your application.
  27. 3:06 Applications started featuring AI, started having features powered by AI, which basically means that we started having applications that think.
  28. 3:19 And the application layer
  29. 3:22 was not Python's.
  30. 3:24 The application layer has been TypeScript's for a pretty long time now.
  31. 3:32 Don't get me wrong, I still think that Python has its own application.
  32. 3:39 I still think that the brain of the agent and of all the AI world is actually still owned by Python.
  33. 3:50 All the training, the research, the GPU serving is all Python's, has been Python's all along.
  34. 3:56 It's going to be Python's for a long time yet.
  35. 4:00 And what's changing is actually the application layer.
  36. 4:05 Like, a few years ago, if you wanted to build something with AI built in the application, you had to use Python.
  37. 4:14 But today, that's not the case anymore.
  38. 4:17 And that's all the shift is about.
  39. 4:20 TypeScript doesn't just own the UI or the backend.
  40. 4:24 It started owning also the agentic layer of our application.
  41. 4:31 And that's why, in August 2025, TypeScript actually passed Python as the most used language on GitHub.
  42. 4:41 And the funny thing is that the reason that the GitHub report gave was the same.
  43. 4:48 Like, in 2024, it said, AI leads Python to top language, while in 2025, it said, AI leads TypeScript as the first language.
  44. 5:01 And in both cases, as you can see, the global developers, the number of global developers were surging.
  45. 5:10 In 2025, we even have one new developer joining GitHub every second.
  46. 5:18 So,
  47. 5:20 what actually changed in this year.
  48. 5:24 Like, yeah, we were flooded from new developers.
  49. 5:29 In 2024, these newcomers were reaching for Python, or even maybe existing developers were reaching for Python.
  50. 5:37 And in 2025, they reached for TypeScript instead.

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