Videos -CnA2lGfymY
"I've never seen anything scarier than an LLM with tool calls." — Erik Meijer aka @HeadinTheBox
Scene timeline
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Transcript
206 cues· 2,978 words· 15,782 chars
- 0:13 Please welcome to the stage the research scholar at Leibniz Labs, Eric Meyer.
- 0:37 Well, can you go back one slide?
- 0:42 Sorry.
- 0:43 All right.
- 0:44 Good afternoon, everybody.
- 0:46 Thanks for being here after a long day of talks, exhibits, side effects.
- 0:52 Oh, sorry, that was the side events.
- 0:55 I hope that you have as much fun watching this talk as I had creating it.
- 1:06 Let me first get this out of the way.
- 1:07 This is not a product pitch or announcement or anything.
- 1:11 It's a 20 minute tutorial of how you can use elementary type systems and compiler knowledge to make AI
- 1:21 provably safe, and I'm sharing all my secrets with you today, hopefully to inspire some of you that next year you will have a booth downstairs where you have created a provably safe agentic harness.
- 1:40 Or who knows, maybe some of you have already solved it, let me know, and then we can grab a coffee instead of doing this talk.
- 1:50 With that out of the way, let's get going.
- 1:54 While I was preparing these slides, and I'm sorry that I was multitasking, but I was vibe coding on the side, and then when my attention wait for a second because I was trying to convince the model to draw some pictures that it didn't want to do, and you will see some of these pictures later, you can guess which ones were rejected, suddenly, wham!
- 2:20 to delete one of my files.
- 2:23 And I'm sure this has happened to you before, or maybe not, maybe you always run everything with no permissions and then you say yes, yes, yes, but I like to live dangerously.
- 2:38 But I'm convinced that if there's anything between
- 2:43 the model's goal and where the model currently is, it will do everything that it can to reach that goal, including killing us or deleting your files or deleting your database.
- 2:56 So I think that these models are intrinsically very, very dangerous and we have to tame them.
- 3:02 So that's what my talk is about.
- 3:05 So let's start this story.
- 3:08 And it's, I think, a very, very sad story, but also a scary story of how we as an industry got to this point where we are about to let normal people, the general public,
- 3:23 give control of their computers, their finances, their whole personal lives over to AI agents.
- 3:31 And we don't have any protection in place.
- 3:34 I think that's very sad and very scary.
- 3:38 So let me tell you the story how we got there, and I will have some characters like Claude, and we will see Dario, Daniela, Sam, Bernie, but
- 3:52 The main character is our friendly pit Claude here.
- 3:58 I think you can all remember November 30, 2022.
- 4:04 This was kind of like a very special day in history, because this was the first time that you could speak to your computer.
- 4:11 You could say, summarize my emails, and it would, you know,
- 4:17 answer you in perfect English.
- 4:20 I think for me at least that was magic, but I think most of us didn't realize that by introducing this innocent looking function here, LLM, that takes a question and returns an answer, that that would open Pandora's box and that would change our history forever.
- 4:40 But before we go continue the story, this conference is called AI Engineer.
- 4:48 All right, so we are engineers and maybe we're the last generation of engineers that still
- 4:54 understand what this is, what code is.
- 4:57 Or maybe most of you have already forgotten what code is, because all your code is written by agents.
- 5:03 But if we look at this signature here, it says, the LLM takes a question, returns an answer.
- 5:09 The question and answers are not strings.
- 5:11 They are very complicated JSON structures, and they get more complicated every day, every time a new release of APIs comes out.
- 5:19 But for this talk, we can just assume that question and answer are just opaque types.
- 5:24 We don't care about how they look like.
- 5:27 We do care about what they represent.
- 5:33 Now, anyway, the euphoria of these LLMs as being great tools didn't last very long.
- 5:40 And just when we thought that we have eradicated the smallpox of computer science, SQL injection, it came back with a vengeance.
- 5:50 Because the bad guys discovered that you can trick LLMs using prompt injection, and LLMs have no distinction, make no distinction between code
- 6:00 and text, and so they are very, very easy to trick.
- 6:05 And this, I think, is a bigger problem than SQL injection ever was.
- 6:12 But it was not prompt injection only that made LLMs kind of have a bad rep. LLMs are trained on the whole internet, and there's a lot of good stuff on the internet, but also a lot of bad stuff, like how do you create a bomb?
- 6:28 How do you synthesize drugs?
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Chapters
- 0:00 Introduction and purpose of the talk
- 1:54 The inherent dangers of AI and accidental file deletion
- 3:39 The history and impact of LLMs (the "Pandora's box")
- 5:36 The problem of prompt injection and model safety
- 7:03 Formal verification and using Lean for safety proofs
- 10:45 The introduction of tool calls and the leap into chaos
- 13:59 The "lethal trifecta" of AI risks
- 14:13 The proposed solution: "air-gapping" the agentic loop
- 16:36 Refying plans into programs and using Free Monads
- 19:17 The concept of proof-carrying code and summary